Helping a customer choose the right pain relief for muscle or joint pain is an important role for all pharmacy staff, and pharmacists can help their customers to manage pain by providing information about medicines that they can take, and discussing self-care measures. Providing a pharmacy advice service for pain counts as CPD and can go towards your 9-a-year.
Aiding compliance
There are a wide range of OTC medicines available that provide effective pain relief. When selecting pain relief for customers consider the following:
- Customer preference: you can aid compliance by offering customers a choice of formats. Some might want a simplified, convenient dosing schedule while others prefer a dosing schedule that offers them flexibility.
- The formulation: oral or topical forms are available but customer preference has a major part to play in choosing the right treatment.
- The dose: always make sure the customer knows the correct dose and how to take/use appropriately.
- Suitability: the pain relief should ease symptoms without causing additional problems.
Painkillers in action
Painkillers are categorised according to their mode of action:
Non-opioid analgesics
Relieve mild-to-moderate pain by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, reducing the pain sensation. These include:
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Examples include diclofenac, ibuprofen, aspirin and naproxen. NSAIDs reduce prostaglandin production, relieving pain and reducing swelling and inflammation. Over-the-counter (OTC) NSAIDs are available in oral and topical formats.
- Paracetamol is believed to act on prostaglandins in the brain to block the transmission of pain. It does not relieve inflammation or swelling. It is generally taken orally.
Opioid analgesics
Work by blocking pain receptors in the brain, which stops them receiving the pain messages from the damaged part of the body. OTC examples include codeine and dihydrocodeine, which are weak opioid analgesics. Whilst good at relieving pain they do not relieve inflammation and can cause side effects such as drowsiness and constipation.
Combination products
Opioids are only available OTC in low doses in combination with other painkillers. They can cause addiction so there is guidance on how they can be sold OTC.
Self-care measures
There are many ways customers can help themselves to ease pain and prevent future pain problems. Examples include:
- Managing back pain: advise customers to keep moving (bed rest is no longer recommended) but to avoid lifting and carrying where possible.
- Managing sports injuries: restrict exercise until the injury has healed, warm up and cool down before exercising, and wear a support bandage if needed.
- Strains and sprains: remember PRICE – protect, rest, ice, compression and elevation.
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